Every one is already familiar with standard definition television broadcasts. Most people have also heard of high definition but few have heard of Near High Definition.
Near High Definition is a new feature that television producers have created for raising the picture quality of Standard Definition (SD) broadcasts to a claimed Near HD quality.
Why do you need a near High Definition Television?
High definition broadcasts arent available on normal terrestrial analogue or digital broadcasts such as Freeview. The only broadcaster that provides limited HD content free of charge at present is the BBCs and ITVs Freesat broadcasts. Sky has the most HD channels but you have to pay a monthly subscription charge. The chances are that you will still watch standard definition broadcasts because not all programmes are available in HD. Alternative sources of HD are Blu-ray discs, download from the web or On-Demand services from Virgin Medias Cable serve or Tisclai. Because the options for watching HD are restricted producers believe that upscaling televisions with Near High Definition pictures will allow people to take advantage of the potential of HD television sets using a SD source.
Standard Definition Broadcasts
The picture of a PAL television consists of thousands of pixels. On a standard definition television the picture is made up of horizontal lines that are made up of 768 pixels and there are 576 horizontal lines i.e.768 pixels x 576 pixels.
The movement on the picture of a television is created with 25 still frames being displayed successively every second. Each frame is split in to 2 fields that each contains half of the lines that form the picture with the even lines in one field and the odd lines in the other field. The combining of the 2 fields from each frame is called interlacing which produces a full frame. The odd and even fields are shown alternately as the picture is painted or scanned on the screen each at a rate of 25 times per second. The combined display rate of the odd and even fields is 50 times a second which is referred to as 50 Hz.
The resolution of a television is determined by the number of pixels that make up the screen. The more pixels there are in a picture the higher the resolution and usually the sharper the picture that it is able to display. TVs that have a high resolution are called High Definition (HD) TVs.
At present UK broadcasts of HD content are at 720p (1280 pixels x 720 pixels) or 1080i (1920 pixels -1080 pixels) resolution. To benefit from this you will need a television that is at least HD Ready with 720p (1280 pixels x 720 pixels). Alternatively you can buy a Full HD Ready 1080p (1920 pixels x 1080 pixels) television although there arent any broadcasts that will allow you to benefit fully from this specification. The only source that is available is either Blu-ray disc or downloads via the internet.
The quality of the picture of a Full HD 1080P TV compared to an ordinary SD TV is around five times greater than a standard definition and hence the reason for the terrific image quality.
Near High Definition TVs are produce a near High Definition image from a Standard Definition source using a method called upscaling.
Upscaling or Upconverting is the process of converting a signal from one resolution to another. So when you view a DVD or Freeview with a resolution of 768 – 576 on a HD Ready Television or a Full HD 1080p Television with a resolution of’20 x 1080 if there wasnt any digital upscaling done by the television then the picture wouldnt fill the screen and there would be large areas of black. The reason for this is that the resolution of the DVD or Freeview isnt the same as the native resolution of the HD television screen so many of the pixels wouldnt be used by the smaller image.
The upscaling in a HD TV is performed by a video processing chip which first interlaces the fields of the frames that create the picture using complex digital algorithms and filters that interpolate the picture by estimating what the extra pixels and lines should look like. This is done to match the incoming signal resolution with the native resolution of the TV.
The ability of a TV to upscale an image is dependant on how good the source input and the quality of upscaler chip. The quality of upscaling chips varies from TV to TV as does the quality of other internal components and the actual screen which affect the quality of the picture displayed.
All LCD and Plasma televisions have an upscaler to accommodate the different resolutions of various sources so that they fill the native resolution of the screen. What is different about a Near HD televisions is that they use a much more powerful processor in the upscaler that allows them to do a much better job than other televisions.
The higher quality upscaling chip employs sophisticated software algorithms that approximate how the additional created pixels should look in the upscaled image. However this approximation isnt as good as a Full HD sourced image where the TV doesnt have to guess what the extra pixels look like. Any approximations will sometimes be inaccurate but an educated guess.
Toshiba have a range of TVs that use the cell processor from the Sony PS3 to upscale the image to the Near HD 1080P resolution. Toshiba have called this feature Resolution + which is featured in their ZV series of TVs. This feature vastly improves the picture quality of a SD picture source.
The cell processor compares neighbouring frames and aggregates the pixel detail to raise the definition of the picture. The effect of this is that the picture has sharper image edges with subdued 3-D noise. Furthermore the colour palette is more lifelike because the blue and greens are improved to minimise the loss of clearness that can be caused by an upscaler. Also due to the contrast being enhanced the dark areas are even darker but the light areas sustain their luminance. The SD images are crisp and rich and have sharp edge detail with improved texture however the flat areas are not changed.
Near HD DVD Players
Some DVD Players have a feature known as progressive scan that combines the deinterlaced images of the two fields so that they are displayed at the same time to producing the full frame. Progressive scan produces smoother movement, higher vertical resolution and no interlacing artifacts e.g. line flicker. Whilst progressive scan does improve the picture quality it doesnt generate more lines and pixels with more detail as an upscaling DVD player does.
Toshibas upscaling DVD player is the XDE model which isnt the same as other DVD upscalers that are available because it deinterlaces the picture and then upscales the Standard Definition 576 lines to a 1080p near HD resolution. As with the Resolution + on the Toshiba ZV range of Televisions the picture is enhanced to give more detail, more vivid colours, and improved contrast using the same techniques as detailed above.
So should you buy a Near HD TV or DVD Player?
Obviously a 768 x 576 image isnt as good as a 1,920×1,080 image and no amount of digital processing will make them the same but a good upscaler is able to produce something that is closer. If you arent prepared to purchase films on Blu-ray, or pay a monthly subscription for high definition channels, and you arent happy with the limited HD content that is available on Freesat then a near HD product is the right choice. It isnt as good as a genuine HD 1080p source but it does deliver noticeable improvements in the picture quality on virtually all content including 480i, 576i, 720p (DVD, Standard Definition TV broadcasts and Video Games) all of which it will upscale to 1080p.
The Near HD TVs offer the ultimate flexibility with the ability to enhance almost any source. As more HD options become available either chargeable or free the TV is capable of receiving and displaying 1080P sources so you wont need to upgrade your TV. Toshiba is the only company that offers Near HD TVs and a DVD Player but others will follow soon.
Armadeus Cornelius is an AV enthusiast and expert with nearly 20 years experience in consumer electronics. His website at www.digitaldirect.co.uk offers ‘Near HD’ TVsand a large selection of AV products at rock bottom prices. For your convenience you may also find these links useful toshiba upconverting dvd and toshiba flat screen tv